雅思基础语法 · 简单句核心变化正课笔记（终极版）¶
适用：雅思阅读/写作/长难句入门到精通
来源：新东方在线田静老师正课录音+讲义+真题例句
目标：考场秒定位谓语动词，0遗漏拿分
0. 课前必读：老师的3条最高指示¶
-
谓语动词=句子灵魂
一句一件事，只能1个谓语动词；不管几个单词，三态+一否=整体！ -
16种时态→掌握8种→阅读写作5大高频够用
不背冷门，不钻牛角尖。 -
被动&情态=客观写作神器
小作文/大作文主动泛滥时，被动+情态立即提分。
1. 三态+一否总览表（背诵版）¶
| 变化 | 构成关键词 | 考场速认标志 | 例句整体谓语（划线） |
|---|---|---|---|
| 时态 | 动词变形 | saw / have done / will be… | The earth moves around the sun. |
| 语态 | be + done | was/were + done; been + done | International commerce was dominated by raw materials. |
| 情态 | 情态 + 原形 | can/must/should + be/do | You must be open to experiencing… |
| 否定 | do/does/did+not | don’t / doesn’t / didn’t | He doesn’t play tennis at weekends. |
2. 时态（Tense）——16→8→5 逐级砍¶
2.1 砍到8种（雅思全覆盖）¶
| 一般×4 | 进行×2 | 完成×2 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般过去/现在/将来/过去将来 | 现在/过去进行 | 现在/过去完成 |
2.2 再砍到5种“考场亲儿子”¶
| # | 名称 | 公式 | 老师私房话 | 真题例句（完整谓语） |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 一般现在 | V原/三单 | 科学事实&习惯；三单+s | The change is not always voluntary. |
| 2 | 一般过去 | V-ed | “现在不再”是隐藏考点 | In 2001 the structure survived an earthquake. |
| 3 | 现在完成 | have/has+done | “现在的之前”≠already finished！ | EU has moved from stock to flow economy. |
| 4 | 过去完成 | had+done | 先发生，必须有过去参照 | When he got there, she had left. |
| 5 | 一般将来 | will do / be going to | 雅思不考区别 | Almost all of us will experience a difficult time. |
其余3种（过将/过进/现完进）见词就认，不深入语法battle。
2.3 进行时&完成进行¶
- 现在进行：am/is/are doing → 阅读最爱“is being done”被动
- 现完进行：have been doing → 强调过程而非结果
例：The global economy has been expanding at 3% a year.
3. 语态（Voice）——3步构造法¶
3.1 使用场景（老师口播原话）¶
- 不知道谁干的：My bike was stolen.
- 强调by+施动者：The policy was introduced by the government.
- 写作去“我”主观：It is believed that…
3.2 3步构造（任何时态通用）¶
- 把“被动动作”→过去分词
- 把be→对应时态（is/was/will be/has been…）
- be与主语单复数一致
| 时态 | 被动样板 | 真题片段 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在 | is done | Odours are also essential cues… |
| 一般过去 | was done | Thousands of wells were constructed… |
| 现在完成 | has been done | The importance has been lost… |
| 现在进行 | is being done | Information is now being obtained… |
| 情态+被动 | can be done | Objectives can only be achieved by 2020. |
4. 情态（Modality）——9词+2含义速记¶
| 情态 | 含义① | 含义② | 考场小贴士 |
|---|---|---|---|
| must | 必须（命令） | 肯定推测（100%） | You must be tired.（肯定） |
| can/could | 能够（能力） | 可以（允许） | could更委婉/表过去 |
| will/would | 将要（将来） | 愿意（意愿） | would you marry me?（愿意） |
| should | 应该 | — | 写作建议万能词 |
| may/might | 可能/可以 | 请求允许 | might程度低 |
句型：情态 + 动词原形（be用原形be）
例：Preservation can bring a language back from the dead.
5. 三态混编高频结构（阅读写作双杀）¶
| 结构 | 真题例句（谓语整体） | 中文&考点 |
|---|---|---|
| 情态+被动 | Such a change can now be achieved overnight. | 这种改变可一夜达成 |
| 完成+被动 | Play importance has been lost… | 已被忽视→写作客观 |
| 进行+被动 | Best info is now being obtained… | 正在被获取 |
| 过去完成+被动 | He had never been taught… | 过去的之前未被教 |
6. 考场秒找谓语动词·4步口诀¶
- 主语后开始扫
- 见be/have/情态/will→继续向右拼到“完整结构”
- doing/done前缺be/have→非谓语，跳过
- 其余动词＝从句谓语/非谓语，不数
例：The global economy has been expanding at 3% a year.
has been expanding=1个谓语（现完进行）
7. 易错速查·老师反复强调¶
| 错句 | 正确 | 记忆 |
|---|---|---|
| ×I have saw… | √I have seen | 过去分词≠过去式 |
| ×He is can… | √He can be… | 情态后接原形be |
| ×was been done | √has been done | 完成被动用has/had |
| ×Since 2000 he lived… | √he has lived | since→现在完成 |
8. 课后速练（2分钟自测）¶
- International trade ___ at a startling pace. → is growing
- Such a change ___ overnight. → can be achieved
- The importance of play ___ in recent decades. → has been lost
- When he became president, he ___ a single human. → had never studied
9. 结语：老师最后3句话¶
- 谓语动词找得快，长难句瞬间断成短句。
- 写作主动句写不出，立刻切被动+情态，分数自然高。
- 8种时态+3步被动+9情态足够雅思任何题型，别钻冷门！
本笔记覆盖正课全部细节&老师口头提醒，可直接打印贴墙。
祝阅读9.0，写作7.5！