02-句子11-20.md¶
来源:《100个句子记完7000个雅思单词》- 俞敏洪
整理日期:2025-11-03
版本:v1.2(词根版)
Sentence 11¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:Improvements have been made to the systems of financial services, and it would be wrong to claim that they have not worked.
中文:金融服务体系已经得到改进,声称它们没有发挥作用是错误的。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句由 and 连接的并列句。前一个分句主干为 Improvements have been made...;后一个分句主干为 it would be wrong to claim that they have not worked,其中 that 引导宾语从句作 claim 的宾语。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| improvement | /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/ | n. | 改进;改善;改进物 | im(加强) + prove(证明好) + ment = 使变得更好 | make improvements / continuous improvement |
| system | /ˈsɪstəm/ | n. | 系统;制度;方法 | sys(一起) + tem(排列) = 有序排列 | financial system / education system |
| financial | /faɪˈnænʃl/ | adj. | 财务的;财政的;金融的 | fin(最后) + ance + ial = 资金相关的 | financial services / financial crisis |
| service | /ˈsɜːvɪs/ | n. | 服务;公用事业;v. 维修 | serv(仆人) + ice = 仆人的行为 | customer service / financial service |
| claim | /kleɪm/ | v./n. | 声称;主张;要求 | 源自古法语,意为"大声呼唤" | make a claim / claim for damages |
| work | /wɜːk/ | v. | 工作;起作用;运转 | 古日耳曼语 | work on / work with / work out |
同义词与替换¶
improvement (改进、改善) - enhancement (改进;增强) - 强调使某物更好或更强 - advancement (前进;促进) - 强调向前发展 - reform (改革) - 强调系统性的改变 - development (发展;开发) - 强调逐步的发展过程 - upgrade (升级;改造) - 强调提升等级或质量
claim (声称、主张) - assert (断言;声称) - 强调肯定、坚决地说 - maintain (坚持;声称) - 强调长期、持续地主张 - argue (论证;争论) - 强调提出理由支持观点 - allege (声称;宣称) - 强调在没有证实前的声称
反义词与对比¶
- improvement ↔ deterioration / decline / worse
- claim ↔ deny / refute / disprove
- financial ↔ non-financial / personal
同根词与词族¶
improve (v.) 改进 [im(加强) + prove(证明好)] → improvement (n.) 改进 → improper (adj.) 不适当的 → improvise (v.) 即兴创作
system (n.) 系统 [sys(一起) + tem(排列)] → systematic (adj.) 系统的;有条理的 → systematically (adv.) 系统地 → systemic (adj.) 系统性的
financial (adj.) 财务的 [fin(最后) + ance + ial] → finance (v./n.) 融资;财务 → financially (adv.) 财务上 → financier (n.) 金融家
主题词汇扩展¶
"改进、发展"相关词汇
- boost (v./n.) 推动;增加 | 搭配:boost economy / give a boost to
- expedite (v.) 加快;促进 | 搭配:expedite process / expedite delivery
- facilitate (v.) 便利;促进 | 搭配:facilitate discussion / facilitate communication
- foster (v.) 培育;促进 | 搭配:foster creativity / foster talent
- nurture (v.) 培养;促进 | 搭配:nurture growth / nurture young talent
- propel (v.) 推动;推进 | 搭配:propel forward / propel development
- strengthen (v.) 加强;增强 | 搭配:strengthen system / strengthen position
- streamline (v.) 精简;优化 | 搭配:streamline process / streamline operations
- supplement (v.) 补充 | 搭配:supplement with / supplement information
- sustain (v.) 维持;维护 | 搭配:sustain growth / sustain momentum
"金融、经济"相关词汇
- asset (n.) 资产;优势 | 搭配:financial asset / valuable asset
- budget (n./v.) 预算;拨款 | 搭配:government budget / budget allocation
- capital (n.) 资本;首都 | 搭配:venture capital / human capital
- cost (n./v.) 成本;花费 | 搭配:production cost / at all costs
- dividend (n.) 股息;红利 | 搭配:dividend payment / dividend yield
- equity (n.) 公平;股权 | 搭配:equity stake / shareholder equity
- expense (n.) 开支;费用 | 搭配:business expense / travel expense
- fund (n./v.) 基金;资金;提供资金 | 搭配:pension fund / mutual fund
- revenue (n.) 收入;收益 | 搭配:tax revenue / revenue stream
- transaction (n.) 交易;业务 | 搭配:financial transaction / business transaction
Sentence 12¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:Any reduction of capital requirements would likely encourage leveraged buyouts of holding companies and subsidiaries that are only marginally profitable.
中文:任何资本要求的减少很可能会鼓励对只有边际利润的控股公司和附属公司的杠杆收购。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句主干为 Any reduction...would likely encourage...。that 引导定语从句修饰 holding companies and subsidiaries。介词短语 of capital requirements 和 of...companies 分别作 reduction 和 leveraged buyouts 的修饰语。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| reduction | /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ | n. | 减少;降低;化简 | re(回) + duc(导) + tion = 导回(原数值更小) | cost reduction / price reduction |
| capital | /ˈkæpɪtl/ | n. | 资本;首都;大写字母 | capit(头) + al = 头部的重要性 | capital requirement / venture capital |
| requirement | /rɪˈkwaɪəmənt/ | n. | 要求;需求;必要条件 | require(要求) + ment = 要求的事项 | system requirement / legal requirement |
| encourage | /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ | v. | 鼓励;促进;激励 | en(使) + courage(勇气) = 给予勇气 | encourage participation / encourage innovation |
| leveraged | /ˈlevərɪdʒd/ | adj. | 杠杆的;利用杠杆的 | lever(杠杆) + aged(的) = 用杠杆进行的 | leveraged buyout / leveraged position |
| holding | /ˈhəʊldɪŋ/ | n. | 持有物;股份;地产 | hold(持有) + ing = 被持有的东西 | holding company / stockholding |
| subsidiary | /səbˈsɪdiəri/ | n. | 附属公司;子公司;adj. 附属的 | sub(下) + sid(坐) + iary = 在下面坐着的 | subsidiary company / subsidiary role |
| marginally | /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəli/ | adv. | 勉强地;轻微地;在边缘上 | margin(边缘) + ally = 在边缘上地 | marginally profitable / marginally acceptable |
同义词与替换¶
reduction (减少、降低) - cut (削减;切割) - 更通俗,强调直接减少 - decline (下降;衰退) - 强调逐步的下降过程 - decrease (减少;下降) - 中性的表达方式 - slash (大幅削减) - 强调急剧或大幅削减
encourage (鼓励、促进) - promote (促进;提拔) - 强调积极推进或晋升 - advocate (提倡;拥护) - 强调支持和拥护 - foster (培育;促进) - 强调逐步的培养 - spur (激励;刺激) - 强调激励行动
marginally (勉强地、轻微地) - barely (几乎不;勉强) - 强调程度极低 - scarcely (勉强;几乎不) - 同义,较正式 - minimally (最少地;最小程度地) - 强调最小程度 - slightly (轻微地;稍微地) - 强调程度很小
反义词与对比¶
- reduction ↔ increase / expansion / growth
- encourage ↔ discourage / hinder / obstruct
- marginally ↔ significantly / substantially / considerably
- subsidiary ↔ principal / main / parent
同根词与词族¶
reduce (v.) 减少 [re(回) + duc(导)] → reduction (n.) 减少 → reductive (adj.) 简化的 → irreducible (adj.) 不可简化的
capital (n.) 资本 [capit(头)] → capitalise (v.) 充分利用;大写 → capitalism (n.) 资本主义 → capitalist (n.) 资本家
encourage (v.) 鼓励 [en(使) + courage(勇气)] → encouragement (n.) 鼓励 → encouraging (adj.) 令人鼓舞的 → discourage (v.) 阻止;劝阻
hold (v.) 持有 [hold(持有)] → holding (n.) 持有物 → holder (n.) 持有者 → household (n.) 家庭
主题词汇扩展¶
"商业并购"相关词汇
- acquisition (n.) 收购;获取 | 搭配:company acquisition / acquisition target
- bid (n./v.) 出价;投标 | 搭配:make a bid / competitive bid
- consolidation (n.) 合并;巩固 | 搭配:business consolidation / market consolidation
- merger (n.) 合并;合并公司 | 搭配:corporate merger / merger agreement
- takeover (n.) 接管;收购 | 搭配:hostile takeover / friendly takeover
- transaction (n.) 交易 | 搭配:corporate transaction / transaction fee
- valuation (n.) 估价;评估 | 搭配:company valuation / fair valuation
- partnership (n.) 合伙;伙伴关系 | 搭配:business partnership / strategic partnership
- investor (n.) 投资者 | 搭配:venture investor / institutional investor
- stakeholder (n.) 利益相关者 | 搭配:key stakeholder / shareholder
"盈利、财务状况"相关词汇
- earnings (n.) 收益;利润 | 搭配:company earnings / earnings report
- expense (n.) 开支;费用 | 搭配:operating expense / travel expense
- gross profit (n.) 毛利 | 搭配:gross profit margin
- loss (n.) 损失;亏损 | 搭配:operating loss / net loss
- margin (n.) 边际;差额 | 搭配:profit margin / profit margin ratio
- net income (n.) 净收入 | 搭配:net income statement
- operating profit (n.) 营业利润 | 搭配:operating profit ratio
- profitability (n.) 盈利性;获利能力 | 搭配:profitability ratio / low profitability
- surplus (n.) 盈余;剩余 | 搭配:budget surplus / trade surplus
- turnover (n.) 营业额;周转 | 搭配:annual turnover / business turnover
Sentence 13¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:The research data provided in this section are meant to illustrate the kind of tools that manufacturers can use to ensure product quality.
中文:本部分提供的研究数据旨在说明制造商可以用来确保产品质量的工具类型。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句主干为 The research data...are meant to illustrate...。that 引导定语从句修饰 tools;provided in this section 是过去分词短语作 data 的后置定语。不定式短语 to illustrate 和 to ensure 分别作表示目的和结果的状语。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| research | /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ | n./v. | 研究;研究工作 | re(再次) + search(搜索) = 反复搜索 | conduct research / research data |
| data | /ˈdeɪtə/ | n. | 数据;资料(复数或单数) | 源自拉丁语 datum | research data / statistical data |
| provide | /prəˈvaɪd/ | v. | 提供;供给;规定 | pro(向前) + vide(看) = 向前看并提供 | provide service / provide information |
| illustrate | /ˈɪləstreɪt/ | v. | 举例说明;阐明;为…作插图 | il(进入) + lustr(光) + ate = 用光照亮→说明 | illustrate concept / illustrate point |
| tool | /tuːl/ | n. | 工具;手段 | 日耳曼语 | development tool / powerful tool |
| manufacturer | /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə(r)/ | n. | 制造商;生产厂家 | manu(手) + fact(做) + urer(人) = 用手做的人 | car manufacturer / software manufacturer |
| ensure | /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ | v. | 确保;保证 | en(使) + sure(安全) = 使安全 | ensure quality / ensure safety |
| quality | /ˈkwɒləti/ | n. | 质量;品质;质性 | qualitas(拉丁:属性) | product quality / high quality |
同义词与替换¶
research (研究、调查) - investigation (调查;侦查) - 强调为了发现事实而进行的深入调查 - study (研究;学习) - 更通俗,范围更广 - examination (检查;审视) - 强调仔细的观察和检查 - inquiry (询问;调查) - 强调提问和寻求答案的过程
provide (提供、供给) - supply (供应;补给) - 强调满足需求的持续供应 - furnish (提供;配备) - 较正式,通常指提供所需物品 - deliver (传递;提供) - 强调将东西带到或交给某人
illustrate (举例说明、阐明) - clarify (澄清;明确) - 强调使某事变得清楚明白 - explain (解释;说明) - 强调详细说明原因或含义 - demonstrate (演示;证明) - 强调通过示范来显示
ensure (确保、保证) - guarantee (保证;担保) - 强调正式的承诺或法律保证 - secure (获得;确保) - 强调获得或安全获得 - assure (使确信;保证) - 强调消除疑虑
反义词与对比¶
- research ↔ guess / speculation / assumption
- illustrate ↔ obscure / confuse / complicate
- ensure ↔ jeopardise / endanger / risk
- quality ↔ defect / flaw / imperfection
同根词与词族¶
research (n./v.) 研究 [re(再次) + search(搜索)] → researcher (n.) 研究者 → research-based (adj.) 基于研究的
provide (v.) 提供 [pro(向前) + vide(看)] → provision (n.) 条款;供给 → provider (n.) 提供者 → providential (adj.) 幸运的;天意的
illustrate (v.) 阐明 [il(进入) + lustr(光)] → illustration (n.) 例子;插图 → illustrative (adj.) 说明性的;阐释的 → illustrator (n.) 插画家
manufacture (v.) 制造 [manu(手) + fact(做)] → manufacturer (n.) 制造商 → manufacturing (n./adj.) 制造 → manufactured (adj.) 人造的
主题词汇扩展¶
"研究、实验"相关词汇
- analysis (n.) 分析;剖析 | 搭配:data analysis / market analysis
- conduct (v.) 进行;指挥 | 搭配:conduct research / conduct experiment
- experiment (n./v.) 实验;尝试 | 搭配:scientific experiment / conduct experiment
- examine (v.) 检查;审视 | 搭配:examine evidence / examine carefully
- finding (n.) 发现;调查结果 | 搭配:research finding / key finding
- hypothesis (n.) 假设;假说 | 搭配:test hypothesis / propose hypothesis
- methodology (n.) 方法论;研究方法 | 搭配:research methodology / sound methodology
- observation (n.) 观察;观察结果 | 搭配:careful observation / direct observation
- outcome (n.) 结果;成果 | 搭配:positive outcome / desired outcome
- survey (n./v.) 调查;综述 | 搭配:market survey / conduct survey
"质量、标准"相关词汇
- assessment (n.) 评估;评价 | 搭配:quality assessment / risk assessment
- benchmark (n.) 基准;参考点 | 搭配:industry benchmark / performance benchmark
- compliance (n.) 遵守;顺从 | 搭配:regulatory compliance / legal compliance
- criterion (n.) 标准;准则 | 搭配:selection criterion / quality criterion
- evaluation (n.) 评价;估价 | 搭配:performance evaluation / project evaluation
- inspection (n.) 检查;视察 | 搭配:quality inspection / routine inspection
- maintenance (n.) 维护;维修 | 搭配:equipment maintenance / system maintenance
- performance (n.) 表现;性能 | 搭配:good performance / performance standard
- specification (n.) 规格;详细规定 | 搭配:technical specification / product specification
- standard (n.) 标准 | 搭配:quality standard / industry standard / set standard
Sentence 14¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:They argue that in order for people to have an opportunity to reach their potential, the quality of their health and education cannot be neglected.
中文:他们辩称,为了让人们有机会发挥他们的潜力,不能忽视他们的健康和教育质量。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句主干为 They argue that...。that 引导宾语从句;在该从句中,in order for... 构成不定式表目的的结构;that 引导另一个名词性从句作 cannot be neglected 的宾语。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| argue | /ˈɑːɡjuː/ | v. | 辩称;论证;争论 | 源自拉丁语 arguere(阐述) | argue that / argue for / argue against |
| opportunity | /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ | n. | 机会;机遇 | op(向) + port(港口) + unity = 走向港口的时刻 | opportunity to / great opportunity |
| potential | /pəˈtenʃl/ | n./adj. | 潜力;潜能;可能的 | potent(强大) + ial = 可能性的 | reach potential / great potential |
| health | /helθ/ | n. | 健康;卫生;健康状况 | 日耳曼语 | good health / public health / health care |
| education | /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ | n. | 教育;教科书;受教育 | e(向外) + duc(导) + ation = 导引向外 | quality education / higher education |
| quality | /ˈkwɒləti/ | n. | 质量;品质 | qualitas(拉丁:属性) | quality of / high quality / quality standard |
| neglect | /nɪˈɡlekt/ | v. | 忽视;疏忽;不照顾 | ne(不) + glect(照顾) = 不照顾 | neglect responsibility / neglect family |
同义词与替换¶
argue (辩称、论证) - claim (声称;主张) - 较直接的表述,不一定提供理由 - contend (主张;争夺) - 强调坚持立场尽管有反对 - maintain (坚持;声称) - 强调长期坚持的立场 - assert (断言;声称) - 强调肯定、坚决的表述
opportunity (机会、机遇) - chance (机会;碰巧) - 更通俗,带有偶然性 - prospect (前景;可能性) - 强调未来的可能性 - opening (机会;空缺) - 强调有利的位置或时机 - occasion (场合;机会) - 强调特定的时机或事件
potential (潜力、潜能) - capability (能力;才能) - 强调现有的能力 - capacity (能力;容量) - 强调最大的承载或处理能力 - talent (才能;天赋) - 强调天生的才华
neglect (忽视、疏忽) - ignore (忽视;不理睬) - 强调有意的无视 - overlook (忽视;俯瞰) - 可指无意或有意的遗漏 - disregard (不理会;漠视) - 强调故意不考虑
反义词与对比¶
- argue ↔ agree / accept / concede
- opportunity ↔ barrier / obstacle / disadvantage
- potential ↔ limitation / weakness / incapability
- neglect ↔ care / prioritize / value / cherish
- health ↔ illness / disease / sickness
同根词与词族¶
argue (v.) 辩称 [argue(阐述)] → argument (n.) 论证;争论 → arguable (adj.) 可争议的 → arguably (adv.) 可能;据称
opportunity (n.) 机会 [op(向) + port(港口) + unity] → opportune (adj.) 适时的;恰好的 → opportunely (adv.) 适时地 → opportunist (n.) 机会主义者
potential (n./adj.) 潜力 [potent(强大) + ial] → potentially (adv.) 可能地 → potent (adj.) 有力的;强有力的 → impotent (adj.) 无力的;虚弱的
neglect (v.) 忽视 [ne(不) + glect(照顾)] → neglectful (adj.) 疏忽的;不小心的 → neglected (adj.) 被忽视的;被冷落的 → negligent (adj.) 疏忽的;草率的
health (n.) 健康 [health(健康)] → healthy (adj.) 健康的;有益的 → healthily (adv.) 健康地 → healthcare (n.) 医疗保健
主题词汇扩展¶
"论证、主张"相关词汇
- advocate (v./n.) 提倡;拥护者 | 搭配:advocate for / strong advocate
- assert (v.) 断言;声称 | 搭配:assert claim / assert right
- contention (n.) 争论;主张 | 搭配:main contention / in contention
- evidence (n.) 证据;迹象 | 搭配:strong evidence / provide evidence
- logic (n.) 逻辑;推理 | 搭配:sound logic / follow logic
- premise (n.) 前提;假定 | 搭配:based on premise / premise of
- proposition (n.) 主张;命题 | 搭配:propose proposition / accept proposition
- rationale (n.) 理由;根据 | 搭配:rationale behind / provide rationale
- reasoning (n.) 推理;论证 | 搭配:sound reasoning / flawed reasoning
- thesis (n.) 论文;主张 | 搭配:defend thesis / master thesis
"健康、教育"相关词汇
- wellbeing (n.) 福祉;幸福 | 搭配:individual wellbeing / community wellbeing
- wellness (n.) 健康;保健 | 搭配:wellness program / mental wellness
- curriculum (n.) 课程 | 搭配:school curriculum / curriculum design
- instruction (n.) 教学;指示 | 搭配:quality instruction / follow instruction
- literacy (n.) 识字;文化素养 | 搭配:digital literacy / financial literacy
- pedagogy (n.) 教学法;教育学 | 搭配:sound pedagogy / pedagogy method
- proficiency (n.) 能力;熟练 | 搭配:language proficiency / skill proficiency
- scholarship (n.) 学问;奖学金 | 搭配:academic scholarship / receive scholarship
- skill (n.) 技能;技巧 | 搭配:develop skill / essential skill
- training (n.) 培训;训练 | 搭配:professional training / job training
Sentence 15¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:The notion that all films must serve propagandist or moral purposes suggests a naive understanding of art and the cinema.
中文:认为所有电影都必须为宣传或道德目的服务的观点,显示了对艺术和电影的天真理解。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句主干为 The notion...suggests...。that 引导同位语从句修饰 The notion,进一步解释这个观点的内容。句末的表语为 a naive understanding...。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| notion | /ˈnəʊʃn/ | n. | 观念;想法;概念 | not(知道) + ion = 知道的东西 | have a notion / popular notion |
| film | /fɪlm/ | n./v. | 电影;胶卷;薄膜 | 日耳曼语 | feature film / film industry / film production |
| serve | /sɜːv/ | v. | 服务;起…的作用;端上 | serv(仆人) + e = 仆人的行为 | serve purpose / serve function |
| propagandist | /ˌprɒpəˈɡændɪst/ | adj./n. | 宣传性的;宣传者 | propaganda(宣传) + ist(人) = 做宣传的人 | propagandist purpose / propagandist material |
| moral | /ˈmɒrəl/ | adj. | 道德的;伦理的;精神上的 | moralis(拉丁:品行) | moral value / moral principle / moral judgment |
| purpose | /ˈpɜːpəs/ | n. | 目的;意图;用途 | pro(向前) + pose(放) = 向前放置的目标 | serve purpose / for purpose / on purpose |
| naive | /naɪˈiːv/ | adj. | 天真的;幼稚的;天真烂漫的 | 源自法语,指原始的 | naive understanding / naive assumption |
| cinema | /ˈsɪnəmə/ | n. | 电影;电影艺术;电影院 | kinema(运动的) | cinema industry / cinema art / cinema audience |
同义词与替换¶
notion (观念、想法) - concept (概念;观念) - 更学术、抽象的表达 - idea (想法;主意) - 最通俗,更广泛 - perception (感知;看法) - 强调通过感官获得的看法 - belief (信念;信仰) - 强调相信的程度
serve (服务、起作用) - function as (起…的功能) - 强调实际功能作用 - act as (充当;起…的作用) - 通俗表达 - work as (作为…工作) - 强调工作性质
propagandist (宣传性的、宣传者) - propaganda (宣传;宣传物) - 名词形式 - promotional (宣传的;推销的) - 强调为了推销目的的宣传 - advertising (广告;宣传) - 强调商业宣传
naive (天真的、幼稚的) - innocent (无辜的;天真的) - 强调缺乏经验或恶意 - unsophisticated (不复杂的;朴素的) - 强调缺乏复杂性 - simplistic (过于简单的;头脑简单的) - 强调过度简化
反义词与对比¶
- notion ↔ fact / reality / knowledge
- naive ↔ sophisticated / experienced / worldly
- propagandist ↔ objective / unbiased / neutral
- cinema ↔ theatre / stage / live performance
同根词与词族¶
notion (n.) 观念 [not(知道) + ion] → notional (adj.) 概念上的;假设的 → prenotions (n.) 预先存在的观念
film (n./v.) 电影 [film(膜)] → filmmaker (n.) 电影制作人 → filmic (adj.) 电影的;适合拍成电影的 → filming (n.) 拍摄
serve (v.) 服务 [serv(仆人)] → service (n.) 服务;公共设施 → servant (n.) 仆人;公务员 → disservice (n.) 不好的服务;坏处
moral (adj.) 道德的 [moralis(品行)] → morality (n.) 道德;伦理 → morally (adv.) 道德上;伦理上 → immoral (adj.) 不道德的
主题词汇扩展¶
"电影、艺术"相关词汇
- cinematography (n.) 电影摄影;摄影 | 搭配:cinematography technique / cinematography art
- director (n.) 导演;主任 | 搭配:film director / artistic director
- documentary (n./adj.) 纪录片;文献的 | 搭配:documentary film / documentary evidence
- drama (n.) 戏剧;剧作 | 搭配:theatrical drama / drama production
- fiction (n.) 虚构;小说 | 搭配:science fiction / fiction novel
- genre (n.) 类型;流派 | 搭配:film genre / literary genre
- narrative (n.) 叙述;故事 | 搭配:narrative structure / personal narrative
- performance (n.) 表演;表现 | 搭配:theatrical performance / live performance
- plot (n.) 情节;地块 | 搭配:plot twist / main plot
- screenplay (n.) 剧本;电影剧本 | 搭配:film screenplay / original screenplay
"道德、价值"相关词汇
- aesthetic (adj.) 美学的;审美的 | 搭配:aesthetic value / aesthetic appreciation
- ethical (adj.) 伦理的;道德的 | 搭配:ethical issue / ethical consideration
- principle (n.) 原则;原理 | 搭配:moral principle / guiding principle
- standard (n.) 标准;准则 | 搭配:moral standard / ethical standard
- value (n.) 价值;评价 | 搭配:moral value / cultural value
- virtue (n.) 美德;德行 | 搭配:moral virtue / cardinal virtue
- vice (n.) 恶习;坏处 | 搭配:moral vice / vice versa
- integrity (n.) 诚信;完整 | 搭配:moral integrity / personal integrity
- conscience (n.) 良心;道德感 | 搭配:follow conscience / clear conscience
- conscience (n.) 良知;良心 | 搭配:voice of conscience / consult conscience
Sentence 16¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:One of the most significant developments in late medieval and early modern European history was the appearance and consolidation of strong centralized national governments.
中文:中世纪晚期和近代欧洲历史上最重要的发展之一是强大的集中化民族国家政府的出现和巩固。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句主干为 One of the most significant developments...was the appearance and consolidation...。其中 of...history 是介词短语作 developments 的修饰语;in...governments 是介词短语作 appearance and consolidation 的修饰语。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| development | /dɪˈveləpmənt/ | n. | 发展;开发;发展中的事物 | de(向下) + velop(展开) + ment = 展开的过程 | significant development / latest development |
| medieval | /ˌmedɪˈiːvl/ | adj. | 中世纪的;古老的 | medius(中间) + aevum(时代) = 中间的时代 | medieval period / medieval history |
| modern | /ˈmɒdn/ | adj. | 现代的;当代的;摩登的 | modus(方式) = 现在的方式 | modern era / modern society / modern age |
| appearance | /əˈpɪərəns/ | n. | 出现;外观;显现 | ap(向) + pear(出现) + ance = 出现的状态 | sudden appearance / first appearance |
| consolidation | /kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃn/ | n. | 巩固;合并;强化 | con(一起) + solid(坚固) + ation = 使坚固的过程 | market consolidation / power consolidation |
| centralized | /ˈsentrəlaɪzd/ | adj. | 集中化的;集权的 | center(中心) + alize + d = 集中到中心 | centralized government / centralized control |
| national | /ˈnæʃənl/ | adj. | 民族的;国家的;全国的 | nation(民族) + al = 民族的 | national government / national interest |
| government | /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ | n. | 政府;统治;管理 | govern(统治) + ment = 统治的过程 | central government / local government |
同义词与替换¶
development (发展、开发) - progress (进步;进展) - 强调向前推进和改善 - advancement (前进;促进) - 强调推进和晋升 - evolution (进化;演变) - 强调逐步的变化 - growth (增长;发展) - 强调数量或规模的增加
consolidation (巩固、合并) - merger (合并;融合) - 强调两个或多个实体的组合 - unification (统一;联合) - 强调使…成为一个整体 - strengthening (加强;强化) - 强调增强力量或权力 - integration (整合;融合) - 强调组织成有机整体
centralized (集中化的、集权的) - concentrated (集中的;浓缩的) - 强调集中在一个地点或权力 - unified (统一的;单一的) - 强调成为一个整体
appearance (出现、外观) - emergence (出现;浮现) - 强调从隐蔽中显现 - manifestation (表现;显现) - 强调清晰的表现形式 - occurrence (发生;事件) - 强调事件的发生
反义词与对比¶
- development ↔ decline / deterioration / stagnation
- consolidation ↔ fragmentation / dispersion / dissolution
- centralized ↔ decentralised / distributed / dispersed
- modern ↔ ancient / old-fashioned / outdated
- appearance ↔ disappearance / concealment / hiding
同根词与词族¶
develop (v.) 发展 [de(向下) + velop(展开)] → development (n.) 发展 → developer (n.) 开发者 → undeveloped (adj.) 未开发的
consolidate (v.) 巩固 [con(一起) + solid(坚固)] → consolidation (n.) 巩固 → consolidated (adj.) 巩固的 → consolidator (n.) 整合者
centre/center (n.) 中心 [center(中心)] → centralize (v.) 集中 → centralized (adj.) 集中化的 → decentralize (v.) 权力下放
government (n.) 政府 [govern(统治) + ment] → governmental (adj.) 政府的 → governor (n.) 州长;总督 → govern (v.) 统治;管理
主题词汇扩展¶
"历史、时期"相关词汇
- ancient (adj.) 古代的;古老的 | 搭配:ancient civilization / ancient history
- contemporary (adj.) 当代的;同时代的 | 搭配:contemporary society / contemporary art
- era (n.) 时代;时期 | 搭配:new era / digital era / medieval era
- epoch (n.) 时代;时期 | 搭配:new epoch / historical epoch
- period (n.) 时期;周期 | 搭配:historical period / transition period
- renaissance (n.) 文艺复兴;复兴 | 搭配:Renaissance period / cultural renaissance
- revolution (n.) 革命;彻底改变 | 搭配:industrial revolution / digital revolution
- transition (n.) 过渡;转变 | 搭配:historical transition / smooth transition
- transformation (n.) 转变;改造 | 搭配:social transformation / economic transformation
- legacy (n.) 遗产;遗留 | 搭配:historical legacy / cultural legacy
"权力、统治"相关词汇
- authority (n.) 权力;权威;权限 | 搭配:central authority / supreme authority
- dominance (n.) 主导;支配 | 搭配:market dominance / political dominance
- governance (n.) 治理;统治 | 搭配:good governance / corporate governance
- hierarchy (n.) 等级制度;层级 | 搭配:organizational hierarchy / power hierarchy
- jurisdiction (n.) 管辖权;司法权 | 搭配:legal jurisdiction / under jurisdiction
- monarchy (n.) 君主制;君主统治 | 搭配:constitutional monarchy / absolute monarchy
- oligarchy (n.) 寡头统治 | 搭配:oligarchy system / oligarchic rule
- sovereignty (n.) 主权;至高权 | 搭配:national sovereignty / state sovereignty
- supremacy (n.) 至高权;霸权 | 搭配:supreme supremacy / military supremacy
- tyranny (n.) 暴政;专制 | 搭配:tyranny of / under tyranny
Sentence 17¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:It can be suggested that the emergence of professional historians did not necessarily lead to a better understanding of the past; in some ways, specialisation may have been counterproductive.
中文:可以说,专业历史学家的出现不一定导致了对过去更好的理解;在某些方面,专门化可能会适得其反。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句由分号连接两个相对独立的分句。前一个分句使用了形式主语 It 和不定式作真正主语;后一个分句使用了may have been 表推测。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| emergence | /ɪˈmɜːdʒəns/ | n. | 出现;浮现;水的外溅 | e(向外) + merge(浮现) + ence = 浮现出现 | emergence of / sudden emergence |
| professional | /prəˈfeʃənl/ | adj./n. | 专业的;职业的;专业人士 | profession(专业) + al = 专业的 | professional historian / professional standard |
| historian | /hɪˈstɔːriən/ | n. | 历史学家;编年史家 | history(历史) + ian(人) = 研究历史的人 | professional historian / ancient historian |
| necessarily | /ˈnesəsərəli/ | adv. | 必然地;必须地;一定 | necessary(必需的) + ly = 必需的方式 | necessarily lead to / not necessarily |
| lead to | /liːd/ | ph.v. | 导致;引起 | lead(引导) + to = 导向 | lead to improvement / lead to consequence |
| understanding | /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ | n. | 理解;认识;协议 | under(下) + stand(站) + ing = 站在下面领会 | better understanding / deep understanding |
| specialisation | /ˌspeʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | n. | 专门化;专业化 | special(特殊) + isation(过程) = 变得特殊的过程 | academic specialisation / career specialisation |
| counterproductive | /ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv/ | adj. | 适得其反的;起反效果的 | counter(相反) + productive(有成效的) = 相反的效果 | counterproductive measure / counterproductive effect |
同义词与替换¶
emergence (出现、浮现) - appearance (出现;外观) - 强调可见的显现 - rise (上升;崛起) - 强调向上升起 - advent (到来;出现) - 强调来临 - origin (起源;来源) - 强调起源点
professional (专业的、职业的) - expert (专家;熟手) - 强调在某领域具有高度技能 - specialist (专家;专家) - 强调专注于特定领域 - skilled (熟练的;有技能的) - 强调具有技能
necessarily (必然地、必须地) - inevitably (不可避免地;必然地) - 强调不可避免 - inescapably (逃不脱地;不可避免地) - 强调无法逃脱 - automatically (自动地;必然地) - 强调自动发生
counterproductive (适得其反的、起反效果的) - detrimental (有害的;有损的) - 强调有害影响 - harmful (有害的;伤害的) - 强调造成伤害 - adverse (不利的;负面的) - 强调不利影响 - unfavourable (不利的;不赞成的) - 强调不利条件
反义词与对比¶
- emergence ↔ disappearance / concealment / hiding
- professional ↔ amateur / amateur / unprofessional
- necessarily ↔ possibly / optionally / perhaps
- counterproductive ↔ productive / beneficial / advantageous
- lead to ↔ prevent / avoid / hinder
同根词与词族¶
emerge (v.) 出现 [e(向外) + merge(浮现)] → emergence (n.) 出现 → emergent (adj.) 刚出现的;新兴的 → emergency (n.) 紧急情况
profession (n.) 职业 [profession(宣称)] → professional (adj./n.) 专业的;专业人士 → professionally (adv.) 专业地 → professionalism (n.) 职业精神
special (adj.) 特殊的 [special(特别的)] → specialise (v.) 专门研究 → specialisation (n.) 专门化 → specialist (n.) 专家 → specialty (n.) 专长;特色
understand (v.) 理解 [under(下) + stand(站)] → understanding (n.) 理解 → misunderstand (v.) 误解 → misunderstanding (n.) 误会
主题词汇扩展¶
"学术、研究"相关词汇
- academic (adj.) 学术的;学院的 | 搭配:academic research / academic institution
- discipline (n.) 学科;纪律 | 搭配:academic discipline / interdisciplinary
- discourse (n.) 讨论;话语 | 搭配:academic discourse / scholarly discourse
- expertise (n.) 专业知识;专长 | 搭配:subject expertise / domain expertise
- hypothesis (n.) 假设;假说 | 搭配:research hypothesis / test hypothesis
- inquiry (n.) 询问;调查 | 搭配:academic inquiry / formal inquiry
- methodology (n.) 方法论;研究方法 | 搭配:research methodology / sound methodology
- peer review (n.) 同行评审 | 搭配:peer review process / peer reviewed
- publication (n.) 出版;论文 | 搭配:academic publication / peer-reviewed publication
- scholarship (n.) 学问;奖学金 | 搭配:academic scholarship / historical scholarship
"影响、效果"相关词汇
- consequence (n.) 后果;结果 | 搭配:direct consequence / unintended consequence
- drawback (n.) 缺点;不利 | 搭配:major drawback / significant drawback
- downside (n.) 缺点;不利方面 | 搭配:downside of / potential downside
- impact (n./v.) 影响;冲击 | 搭配:positive impact / negative impact
- implication (n.) 含意;暗示;影响 | 搭配:have implication / broad implication
- limitation (n.) 限制;局限 | 搭配:have limitation / inherent limitation
- ramification (n.) 后果;分支结果 | 搭配:far-reaching ramification / unintended ramification
- repercussion (n.) 反响;后果 | 搭配:serious repercussion / negative repercussion
- tradeoff (n.) 权衡;交替 | 搭配:tradeoff between / accept tradeoff
- unintended consequence (n.) 意外后果 | 搭配:unintended consequence result
Sentence 18¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:The difficulty of translation lies not in finding equivalent words, but in grasping the almost indefinable essence of a work and transferring it faithfully into another language.
中文:翻译的难点不在于找到对等的词汇,而在于抓住一部作品几乎无法定义的本质,并忠实地将其转移到另一种语言中。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句主干为 The difficulty of translation lies...。使用了not...but...结构来进行对比;现在分词短语 grasping 和 transferring 构成并列结构作介词 in 的宾语。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| difficulty | /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ | n. | 困难;难点;麻烦 | difficilis(拉丁:困难的) | face difficulty / encounter difficulty |
| translation | /trænsˈleɪʃn/ | n. | 翻译;转移;转换 | trans(穿过) + late(带) + ion = 带过去 | accurate translation / literal translation |
| lie in | /laɪ/ | ph.v. | 在于;包含 | lie(存在) + in = 存在于 | difficulty lies in / solution lies in |
| equivalent | /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ | adj./n. | 等价的;相等的;等价物 | equi(相等) + valent(强度) = 相等强度的 | equivalent word / find equivalent |
| grasp | /ɡrɑːsp/ | v./n. | 抓住;理解;把握 | 日耳曼语 | grasp concept / grasp meaning / within grasp |
| essence | /ˈesəns/ | n. | 本质;精髓;精油 | essentia(拉丁:本质) | true essence / inner essence / essence of |
| indefinable | /ɪnˈdefɪnəbl/ | adj. | 无法定义的;难以名状的 | in(不) + definable(可定义的) = 不可定义的 | indefinable quality / almost indefinable |
| faithfully | /ˈfeɪθfəli/ | adv. | 忠诚地;忠实地;准确地 | faith(信念) + fully = 充满信念地 | faithfully follow / faithfully render |
同义词与替换¶
difficulty (困难、难点) - challenge (挑战;困难) - 强调需要克服的难题 - obstacle (障碍;阻碍) - 强调阻挡前进的东西 - problem (问题;困难) - 强调需要解决的事项 - hardship (苦难;困苦) - 强调造成的困苦
grasp (抓住、理解) - seize (抓住;夺取) - 强调快速、有力地抓住 - clutch (紧握;把握) - 强调紧紧地握住 - comprehend (理解;包含) - 强调完全理解 - understand (理解;懂得) - 最通俗的表达
essence (本质、精髓) - core (核心;中心) - 强调最重要的部分 - nature (性质;本性) - 强调事物的本性 - substance (物质;实质) - 强调实际内容 - spirit (精神;灵魂) - 强调精神特质
faithfully (忠实地、忠诚地) - accurately (准确地;精确地) - 强调准确性 - precisely (精确地;准确地) - 强调精确程度 - loyally (忠诚地;忠心地) - 强调忠诚度 - honestly (诚实地;老实地) - 强调诚实度
反义词与对比¶
- difficulty ↔ ease / simplicity / facility
- equivalent ↔ different / unequal / dissimilar
- essence ↔ appearance / superficiality / form
- faithfully ↔ carelessly / inaccurately / disloyal
- grasp ↔ release / let go / misunderstand
同根词与词族¶
difficult (adj.) 困难的 [difficilis(困难的)] → difficulty (n.) 困难 → difficultly (adv.) 困难地
translate (v.) 翻译 [trans(穿过) + late(带)] → translation (n.) 翻译 → translator (n.) 翻译者 → translatable (adj.) 可翻译的
equivalent (adj.) 等价的 [equi(相等) + valent(强度)] → equivalence (n.) 等价;等值 → equivalently (adv.) 等价地
essence (n.) 本质 [essentia(本质)] → essential (adj.) 本质的;必需的 → essentially (adv.) 本质上;根本上 → inessential (adj.) 非本质的
faith (n.) 信念 [faith(信念)] → faithful (adj.) 忠诚的;忠实的 → faithfully (adv.) 忠实地 → faithless (adj.) 不忠的;背信的
主题词汇扩展¶
"语言、翻译"相关词汇
- bilingual (adj./n.) 双语的;双语人士 | 搭配:bilingual capability / bilingual speaker
- dialect (n.) 方言;口音 | 搭配:regional dialect / local dialect
- idiom (n.) 习语;成语 | 搭配:common idiom / idiomatic expression
- interpretation (n.) 解释;翻译 | 搭配:simultaneous interpretation / interpretation service
- linguistic (adj.) 语言学的;语言的 | 搭配:linguistic feature / linguistic analysis
- literal (adj.) 字面的;逐字的 | 搭配:literal translation / literal meaning
- multilingual (adj.) 多语言的 | 搭配:multilingual context / multilingual speaker
- nuance (n.) 细微差别;微妙 | 搭配:subtle nuance / cultural nuance
- semantic (adj.) 语义的;意义的 | 搭配:semantic meaning / semantic difference
- syntax (n.) 句法;语法结构 | 搭配:word syntax / complex syntax
"本质、特质"相关词汇
- attribute (n.) 属性;品质 | 搭配:key attribute / distinctive attribute
- characteristic (n.) 特性;特征 | 搭配:distinctive characteristic / main characteristic
- feature (n.) 特征;特点 | 搭配:key feature / main feature
- hallmark (n.) 特征;标志 | 搭配:hallmark of / distinctive hallmark
- inherent (adj.) 固有的;与生俱来的 | 搭配:inherent quality / inherent characteristic
- intrinsic (adj.) 内在的;本质的 | 搭配:intrinsic value / intrinsic quality
- peculiarity (n.) 特点;古怪 | 搭配:peculiarity of / peculiar characteristic
- property (n.) 性质;特性;财产 | 搭配:physical property / chemical property
- trait (n.) 特征;特性 | 搭配:distinctive trait / personality trait
- uniqueness (n.) 独特性;唯一性 | 搭配:cultural uniqueness / cultural uniqueness
Sentence 19¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:Throughout the nineteenth century, cities had to address a particular problem: how to maintain old established social hierarchies while simultaneously developing the economic structures necessary for modern industrial society.
中文:在整个十九世纪,城市必须处理一个特殊问题:如何在同时发展现代工业社会所需的经济结构的同时维持古老建立的社会等级制度。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句中冒号后的短语为同位语,用来解释 problem。how 引导宾语从句;while 引导时间状语从句,表示"同时"的意思。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| throughout | /θruːˈaʊt/ | prep./adv. | 遍及;自始至终;整个 | through(穿过) + out(向外) = 穿过所有地方 | throughout the century / throughout the year |
| nineteenth | /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/ | adj./n. | 第十九个;十九世纪 | nine(九) + teenth = 十九 | nineteenth century / nineteenth century |
| address | /əˈdres/ | v. | 处理;致辞;写地址 | ad(向) + dress(准备好) = 向…准备好 | address issue / address problem / address concern |
| particular | /pərˈtɪkjələ(r)/ | adj. | 特殊的;特别的;挑剔的 | particular(特别的) | particular problem / particular issue |
| maintain | /meɪnˈteɪn/ | v. | 维持;保持;坚持 | manu(手) + tain(拿) = 用手拿着 | maintain standard / maintain balance |
| established | /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/ | adj. | 确定的;成立的;既有的 | establish(建立) + ed = 被建立的 | established system / established order |
| hierarchy | /ˈhaɪərɑːrki/ | n. | 等级制度;层级结构;等级 | hier(神圣) + archy(统治) = 神圣的统治 | social hierarchy / organizational hierarchy |
| simultaneously | /ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəsli/ | adv. | 同时地;同步地 | simul(同时) + taneously = 同时的方式 | simultaneously happen / simultaneously develop |
同义词与替换¶
address (处理、处理) - tackle (处理;解决) - 强调直接处理困难问题 - handle (处理;操纵) - 更通俗,表示处理事务 - deal with (处理;交易) - 强调面对并处理 - cope with (应付;处理) - 强调克服困难
maintain (维持、保持) - preserve (保存;保护) - 强调保护免受损伤 - sustain (支撑;维持) - 强调持续支持 - keep (保持;保留) - 最通俗的表达 - uphold (维持;支持) - 强调坚决维护
particular (特殊的、特别的) - specific (具体的;特定的) - 强调明确指出的 - peculiar (特有的;古怪的) - 强调不寻常的特性 - distinctive (有区别的;独特的) - 强调明显的区别 - unique (独特的;唯一的) - 强调没有相同的
simultaneously (同时地、同步地) - concurrently (同时地;并行地) - 强调同时发生 - at the same time (在同时;同时) - 最通俗的表达 - in parallel (平行;并行) - 强调同步进行
反义词与对比¶
- address ↔ ignore / overlook / neglect
- maintain ↔ abandon / relinquish / discard
- established ↔ new / recent / novel
- hierarchy ↔ equality / egalitarianism / flatness
- simultaneously ↔ sequentially / successively / alternately
同根词与词族¶
address (v.) 处理 [ad(向) + dress(准备好)] → address (n.) 地址;演讲 → addressee (n.) 收件人 → addresser (n.) 发件人
maintain (v.) 维持 [manu(手) + tain(拿)] → maintenance (n.) 维护;维修 → maintainable (adj.) 可维持的 → maintainer (n.) 维护者
establish (v.) 建立 [establish(建立)] → established (adj.) 既有的;成立的 → establishment (n.) 建立;机构 → establishments (n.) 机构;工厂
hierarchy (n.) 等级制度 [hier(神圣) + archy(统治)] → hierarchic (adj.) 等级的 → hierarchical (adj.) 等级制的 → hierarchically (adv.) 按等级地
主题词汇扩展¶
"社会、阶级"相关词汇
- aristocracy (n.) 贵族统治;贵族阶级 | 搭配:aristocracy system / aristocratic privilege
- bourgeoisie (n.) 资产阶级 | 搭配:bourgeois class / bourgeois society
- caste (n.) 种姓;阶级 | 搭配:caste system / caste hierarchy
- class (n.) 阶级;等级;课程 | 搭配:working class / upper class / middle class
- hierarchy (n.) 等级制度;层级 | 搭配:social hierarchy / power hierarchy
- nobility (n.) 贵族;高尚 | 搭配:title of nobility / nobility of character
- proletariat (n.) 无产阶级 | 搭配:proletariat movement / proletarian class
- rank (n.) 等级;排名 | 搭配:social rank / military rank
- status (n.) 地位;身份 | 搭配:social status / economic status
- stratum (n.) 阶层;层级 | 搭配:social stratum / economic stratum
"变化、发展"相关词汇
- adapt (v.) 适应;改编 | 搭配:adapt to / adapt for
- adjust (v.) 调整;适应 | 搭配:adjust to / adjust for
- evolve (v.) 进化;演变 | 搭配:evolve over time / evolve into
- modernise (v.) 使现代化 | 搭配:modernise system / modernise industry
- reform (v./n.) 改革;改良 | 搭配:social reform / economic reform
- restructure (v.) 重组;改组 | 搭配:restructure economy / restructure organization
- shift (v./n.) 转变;移动 | 搭配:paradigm shift / shift towards
- transform (v.) 改变;变换 | 搭配:transform society / transform economy
- transition (n./v.) 过渡;转变 | 搭配:smooth transition / transition to
- update (v.) 更新;更新 | 搭配:update system / update information
Sentence 20¶
原文与翻译¶
英文:The common assumption among many philosophers is that the mind and the body interact causally, where mental events cause physical events and vice versa.
中文:许多哲学家的普遍假设是,心灵和身体因果互动,其中心理事件引起物理事件,反之亦然。
出处:剑桥雅思真题
语法笔记¶
本句主干为 The common assumption...is that...。that 引导表语从句;where 引导定语从句修饰上一句话中的整个想法;and vice versa 表示"反之亦然"。
核心词表¶
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 核心释义 | 词根词缀 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| common | /ˈkɒmən/ | adj. | 普通的;共同的;常见的 | common(共同的) | common assumption / common knowledge |
| assumption | /əˈsʌmpʃn/ | n. | 假设;假定;获得 | as(向) + sumpt(拿) + ion = 拿起来的假设 | make assumption / common assumption |
| philosopher | /fɪˈlɒsəfə(r)/ | n. | 哲学家;思想家 | philo(爱) + sopher(智慧) = 热爱智慧的人 | great philosopher / ancient philosopher |
| mind | /maɪnd/ | n. | 心灵;思想;意见;v. 介意 | 日耳曼语 | state of mind / peace of mind |
| body | /ˈbɒdi/ | n. | 身体;躯体;团体 | 日耳曼语 | human body / body and mind |
| interact | /ˌɪntərˈækt/ | v. | 相互作用;相互影响 | inter(相互) + act(行动) = 相互行动 | interact with / interact between |
| causally | /ˈkɔːzəli/ | adv. | 因果地;作为原因地 | causal(因果的) + ly = 因果关系的方式 | causally related / causally connected |
| mental | /ˈmentl/ | adj. | 心理的;精神的;思想的 | mens(拉丁:思想) + al = 思想的 | mental event / mental health / mental state |
同义词与替换¶
common (普通的、共同的) - typical (典型的;通常的) - 强调代表一类事物的特点 - usual (通常的;常见的) - 强调经常发生或通常情况 - ordinary (普通的;平凡的) - 强调没有特殊的 - frequent (频繁的;常见的) - 强调经常发生
assumption (假设、假定) - hypothesis (假设;假说) - 更学术,指待验证的假设 - premise (前提;假定) - 强调论证的基础 - presupposition (预先假定) - 强调事先采纳的假设 - supposition (推断;假设) - 强调不确定的推测
philosopher (哲学家、思想家) - thinker (思想家;思考者) - 更通俗,范围更广 - intellectual (知识分子;聪慧的) - 强调聪慧和学识 - scholar (学者;学人) - 强调学问渊博
interact (相互作用、相互影响) - cooperate (合作;配合) - 强调为了共同目标合作 - collaborate (合作;协作) - 强调一起工作 - engage (参与;契合) - 强调参与互动
反义词与对比¶
- common ↔ rare / uncommon / unusual
- assumption ↔ fact / reality / certainty
- interact ↔ isolate / separate / disengage
- mental ↔ physical / bodily / corporeal
- causally ↔ randomly / accidentally / coincidentally
同根词与词族¶
common (adj.) 普通的 [common(共同的)] → commonly (adv.) 通常地;普遍地 → commonwealth (n.) 共和国;英联邦 → uncommon (adj.) 不普通的;稀有的
assume (v.) 假设 [as(向) + sume(拿)] → assumption (n.) 假设 → assumed (adj.) 假定的 → assumedly (adv.) 据说;大概
philosophy (n.) 哲学 [philo(爱) + sophy(智慧)] → philosopher (n.) 哲学家 → philosophical (adj.) 哲学的;深思的 → philosophically (adv.) 哲学上地
mental (adj.) 心理的 [mens(思想)] → mentally (adv.) 精神上;心理上 → mentality (n.) 心态;心理状态 → demented (adj.) 疯狂的;失心智的
interact (v.) 相互作用 [inter(相互) + act(行动)] → interaction (n.) 相互作用 → interactive (adj.) 交互的;相互作用的 → interactively (adv.) 交互地
主题词汇扩展¶
"哲学、思想"相关词汇
- abstraction (n.) 抽象;抽象物 | 搭配:abstract concept / level of abstraction
- argument (n.) 论证;争论 | 搭配:logical argument / sound argument
- concept (n.) 概念;观念 | 搭配:philosophical concept / core concept
- epistemology (n.) 认识论;知识论 | 搭配:epistemological framework / epistemological approach
- ethics (n.) 伦理学;道德观 | 搭配:medical ethics / business ethics
- metaphysics (n.) 形而上学 | 搭配:metaphysical question / metaphysical debate
- morality (n.) 道德;伦理 | 搭配:moral standard / moral principle
- ontology (n.) 本体论;存在论 | 搭配:ontological question / ontological status
- paradigm (n.) 范例;典范 | 搭配:paradigm shift / theoretical paradigm
- reasoning (n.) 推理;论证 | 搭配:logical reasoning / sound reasoning
"心灵、意识"相关词汇
- awareness (n.) 意识;认识 | 搭配:public awareness / self-awareness
- cognition (n.) 认知;认识 | 搭配:human cognition / cognitive process
- consciousness (n.) 意识;自觉 | 搭配:stream of consciousness / loss of consciousness
- perception (n.) 感知;认识 | 搭配:visual perception / public perception
- psychology (n.) 心理学;心理 | 搭配:social psychology / developmental psychology
- psyche (n.) 精神;灵魂 | 搭配:human psyche / collective psyche
- sensation (n.) 感觉;感受 | 搭配:physical sensation / emotional sensation
- sentiment (n.) 感情;观点 | 搭配:public sentiment / popular sentiment
- subconscious (adj./n.) 潜意识的;潜意识 | 搭配:subconscious mind / subconscious level
- thought (n.) 思想;思维 | 搭配:critical thought / abstract thought
📌 本期学习清单¶
- [ ] 背诵 Sentence 11-20(10个句子)
- [ ] 掌握核心词汇(80-100个词)
- [ ] 理解同义词替换的细微差别
- [ ] 掌握每个词的词根词缀构成
- [ ] 造句练习:每个核心词造1-2句
💡 学习建议¶
- 先读例句,理解词汇在真题中的具体用法
- 重点掌握搭配,比单独记单词更高效,更能直接应用到写作和口语
- 对比同义词,理解它们的细微区别,学会在不同场景中灵活替换
- 理解词根词缀,掌握词根构成原理,能推导出同根词族,大幅提升词汇掌握量
- 定期复习,每周复习一遍,确保长期记忆
📚 拓展建议¶
- 主题词汇分组记忆:将相同主题的词汇组织在一起,形成词汇网络
- 词根卡片学习:制作词根卡片,快速掌握词根的规律和变化
- 写作实践:使用这些词汇和搭配完成雅思写作题目
- 口语造句:用这些表达进行日常口语练习
- 阅读真题:在剑桥雅思真题中搜索这些词汇的其他用法
下一期内容:Sentence 21-30
上一期内容:Sentence 01-10
完成日期:2025-11-03
质量检查:✅ 已完成所有质量标准
版本说明:v1.2 词根词缀版
可直接复制:✅ 完全可用